LeishMANIAdb
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ADP/ATP translocase

Quick info Annotations Function or PPIs Localization Expansion Sequence features Structure Function Putative motif mimicry Homologs Download

Quick info

Protein:
ADP/ATP translocase
Gene product:
adp/ATP carrier-like protein
Species:
Leishmania major
UniProt:
Q4QIN9_LEIMA
TriTrypDb:
LmjF.07.0530 , LMJLV39_070011500 , LMJSD75_070011700
Length:
364

Annotations

LeishMANIAdb annotations

Highly similar to mitochondrial ADP/ATP antiporters of other Eukaryotes.. Only duplicated sporadically in Strigomonas and T. cruzi.. Localization: Mitochondrial inner membrane (by homology)

Localization

Secreted promastigote
Source Evidence on protein Close homologs
Cuervo et al. no yes: 0
Hassani et al. no yes: 0
Forrest at al. (metacyclic) no yes: 0
Forrest at al. (procyclic) no yes: 0
Silverman et al. no yes: 0
Pissara et al. no yes: 0
Secreted amastigote
Source Evidence on protein Close homologs
Pires et al. no yes: 0
Exosome
Source Evidence on protein Close homologs
Silverman et al. no yes: 0
Glycosome
Source Evidence on protein Close homologs
Jamdhade et al. no yes: 0
Predictions
Source Evidence on protein Close homologs
DeepLoc
SignalP6 no yes: 0, no: 13
NetGPI no yes: 0, no: 13
Cellular components
Term Name Level Count
GO:0005743 mitochondrial inner membrane 5 14
GO:0016020 membrane 2 14
GO:0019866 organelle inner membrane 4 14
GO:0031090 organelle membrane 3 14
GO:0031966 mitochondrial membrane 4 14
GO:0110165 cellular anatomical entity 1 14

Expansion

Sequence features

Q4QIN9
Sequence
MSA
Disorder
Secondary
Topology
Domains
SignalP
GPI
Phosphorylations
ELMs

Structure

Predicted structure by AlphaFold2

Related structures:

AlphaFold database: Q4QIN9

Function

Biological processes
Term Name Level Count
GO:0006810 transport 3 14
GO:0006811 monoatomic ion transport 4 14
GO:0006820 monoatomic anion transport 5 14
GO:0006862 nucleotide transport 6 14
GO:0006996 organelle organization 4 2
GO:0007005 mitochondrion organization 5 2
GO:0007006 mitochondrial membrane organization 5 2
GO:0009966 regulation of signal transduction 4 2
GO:0009968 negative regulation of signal transduction 5 2
GO:0009987 cellular process 1 14
GO:0010639 negative regulation of organelle organization 6 2
GO:0010646 regulation of cell communication 4 2
GO:0010648 negative regulation of cell communication 5 2
GO:0010821 regulation of mitochondrion organization 6 2
GO:0010823 negative regulation of mitochondrion organization 7 2
GO:0010941 regulation of cell death 4 2
GO:0015711 organic anion transport 5 14
GO:0015748 organophosphate ester transport 5 14
GO:0015865 purine nucleotide transport 7 14
GO:0015866 ADP transport 6 14
GO:0015867 ATP transport 6 14
GO:0015868 purine ribonucleotide transport 6 14
GO:0015931 nucleobase-containing compound transport 5 14
GO:0016043 cellular component organization 3 2
GO:0023051 regulation of signaling 3 2
GO:0023057 negative regulation of signaling 4 2
GO:0032879 regulation of localization 3 2
GO:0033043 regulation of organelle organization 5 2
GO:0034220 monoatomic ion transmembrane transport 3 14
GO:0035795 negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability 5 2
GO:0042981 regulation of apoptotic process 6 2
GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process 7 2
GO:0043067 regulation of programmed cell death 5 2
GO:0043069 negative regulation of programmed cell death 6 2
GO:0046902 regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability 4 2
GO:0048519 negative regulation of biological process 3 2
GO:0048523 negative regulation of cellular process 4 2
GO:0048583 regulation of response to stimulus 3 2
GO:0048585 negative regulation of response to stimulus 4 2
GO:0050789 regulation of biological process 2 2
GO:0050794 regulation of cellular process 3 2
GO:0051049 regulation of transport 4 2
GO:0051128 regulation of cellular component organization 4 2
GO:0051129 negative regulation of cellular component organization 5 2
GO:0051179 localization 1 14
GO:0051234 establishment of localization 2 14
GO:0051503 adenine nucleotide transport 8 14
GO:0055085 transmembrane transport 2 14
GO:0060548 negative regulation of cell death 5 2
GO:0061024 membrane organization 4 2
GO:0065007 biological regulation 1 2
GO:0065008 regulation of biological quality 2 2
GO:0071702 organic substance transport 4 14
GO:0071705 nitrogen compound transport 4 14
GO:0071840 cellular component organization or biogenesis 2 2
GO:0072530 purine-containing compound transmembrane transport 3 14
GO:0090559 regulation of membrane permeability 3 2
GO:0098656 monoatomic anion transmembrane transport 4 14
GO:0140021 mitochondrial ADP transmembrane transport 4 14
GO:1901028 regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway 5 2
GO:1901029 negative regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway 6 2
GO:1901264 carbohydrate derivative transport 5 14
GO:1901679 nucleotide transmembrane transport 3 14
GO:1905709 negative regulation of membrane permeability 4 2
GO:1990542 mitochondrial transmembrane transport 3 14
GO:1990544 mitochondrial ATP transmembrane transport 4 14
GO:2001233 regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway 5 2
GO:2001234 negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway 6 2
Molecular functions
Term Name Level Count
GO:0000295 adenine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity 6 14
GO:0005215 transporter activity 1 14
GO:0005346 purine ribonucleotide transmembrane transporter activity 4 14
GO:0005347 ATP transmembrane transporter activity 5 14
GO:0005471 ATP:ADP antiporter activity 5 14
GO:0008509 monoatomic anion transmembrane transporter activity 4 14
GO:0008514 organic anion transmembrane transporter activity 5 14
GO:0015075 monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity 3 14
GO:0015215 nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity 4 14
GO:0015216 purine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity 5 14
GO:0015217 ADP transmembrane transporter activity 5 14
GO:0015291 secondary active transmembrane transporter activity 4 14
GO:0015297 antiporter activity 5 14
GO:0015605 organophosphate ester transmembrane transporter activity 3 14
GO:0015932 nucleobase-containing compound transmembrane transporter activity 3 14
GO:0022804 active transmembrane transporter activity 3 14
GO:0022853 active monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity 4 14
GO:0022857 transmembrane transporter activity 2 14
GO:0140323 obsolete solute:monoatomic anion antiporter activity 6 14
GO:1901505 carbohydrate derivative transmembrane transporter activity 3 14

Putative motif mimicry

Leishmania From To Domain/Motif Score
CLV_MEL_PAP_1 212 218 PF00089 0.203
CLV_NRD_NRD_1 63 65 PF00675 0.467
CLV_PCSK_KEX2_1 63 65 PF00082 0.403
CLV_PCSK_SKI1_1 127 131 PF00082 0.284
CLV_PCSK_SKI1_1 243 247 PF00082 0.400
CLV_PCSK_SKI1_1 338 342 PF00082 0.278
CLV_PCSK_SKI1_1 90 94 PF00082 0.319
DEG_APCC_DBOX_1 139 147 PF00400 0.403
DEG_APCC_DBOX_1 89 97 PF00400 0.519
DEG_MDM2_SWIB_1 119 126 PF02201 0.519
DEG_SPOP_SBC_1 30 34 PF00917 0.712
DOC_MAPK_gen_1 205 212 PF00069 0.437
DOC_MAPK_gen_1 307 314 PF00069 0.484
DOC_MAPK_MEF2A_6 205 212 PF00069 0.420
DOC_MAPK_MEF2A_6 307 314 PF00069 0.484
DOC_USP7_MATH_1 162 166 PF00917 0.326
DOC_USP7_MATH_1 2 6 PF00917 0.679
DOC_USP7_MATH_1 232 236 PF00917 0.450
DOC_USP7_MATH_1 8 12 PF00917 0.640
DOC_USP7_MATH_2 272 278 PF00917 0.390
DOC_WW_Pin1_4 277 282 PF00397 0.279
LIG_14-3-3_CanoR_1 223 227 PF00244 0.445
LIG_14-3-3_CanoR_1 243 248 PF00244 0.117
LIG_14-3-3_CanoR_1 27 31 PF00244 0.757
LIG_14-3-3_CanoR_1 318 328 PF00244 0.433
LIG_BRCT_BRCA1_1 164 168 PF00533 0.329
LIG_BRCT_BRCA1_1 224 228 PF00533 0.427
LIG_Clathr_ClatBox_1 73 77 PF01394 0.624
LIG_CtBP_PxDLS_1 302 306 PF00389 0.519
LIG_eIF4E_1 242 248 PF01652 0.319
LIG_FHA_1 1 7 PF00498 0.680
LIG_FHA_1 244 250 PF00498 0.352
LIG_FHA_1 278 284 PF00498 0.250
LIG_FHA_1 293 299 PF00498 0.198
LIG_FHA_1 343 349 PF00498 0.350
LIG_FHA_1 353 359 PF00498 0.283
LIG_LIR_Gen_1 121 129 PF02991 0.464
LIG_LIR_Gen_1 183 192 PF02991 0.321
LIG_LIR_Gen_1 202 210 PF02991 0.429
LIG_LIR_Gen_1 252 263 PF02991 0.286
LIG_LIR_Gen_1 47 56 PF02991 0.597
LIG_LIR_Nem_3 118 122 PF02991 0.499
LIG_LIR_Nem_3 183 187 PF02991 0.321
LIG_LIR_Nem_3 202 206 PF02991 0.447
LIG_LIR_Nem_3 225 229 PF02991 0.474
LIG_LIR_Nem_3 252 258 PF02991 0.306
LIG_LIR_Nem_3 47 51 PF02991 0.601
LIG_Pex14_2 119 123 PF04695 0.446
LIG_Pex14_2 222 226 PF04695 0.519
LIG_REV1ctd_RIR_1 338 346 PF16727 0.487
LIG_SH2_CRK 184 188 PF00017 0.323
LIG_SH2_CRK 242 246 PF00017 0.287
LIG_SH2_CRK 255 259 PF00017 0.216
LIG_SH2_CRK 48 52 PF00017 0.677
LIG_SH2_NCK_1 179 183 PF00017 0.318
LIG_SH2_PTP2 269 272 PF00017 0.406
LIG_SH2_SRC 229 232 PF00017 0.403
LIG_SH2_SRC 269 272 PF00017 0.413
LIG_SH2_STAP1 184 188 PF00017 0.293
LIG_SH2_STAP1 321 325 PF00017 0.463
LIG_SH2_STAT3 101 104 PF00017 0.487
LIG_SH2_STAT3 161 164 PF00017 0.367
LIG_SH2_STAT5 101 104 PF00017 0.505
LIG_SH2_STAT5 128 131 PF00017 0.519
LIG_SH2_STAT5 179 182 PF00017 0.289
LIG_SH2_STAT5 269 272 PF00017 0.351
LIG_SH2_STAT5 78 81 PF00017 0.547
LIG_SH3_3 156 162 PF00018 0.264
LIG_SH3_3 194 200 PF00018 0.262
LIG_SH3_3 213 219 PF00018 0.420
LIG_SH3_3 262 268 PF00018 0.214
LIG_SH3_3 89 95 PF00018 0.490
LIG_SUMO_SIM_par_1 310 317 PF11976 0.487
LIG_SUMO_SIM_par_1 344 349 PF11976 0.400
LIG_SUMO_SIM_par_1 71 77 PF11976 0.626
LIG_TRAF2_1 272 275 PF00917 0.446
LIG_TYR_ITIM 253 258 PF00017 0.286
MOD_CK1_1 12 18 PF00069 0.754
MOD_CK1_1 257 263 PF00069 0.259
MOD_CK1_1 277 283 PF00069 0.249
MOD_CK1_1 28 34 PF00069 0.697
MOD_CK1_1 293 299 PF00069 0.228
MOD_CK1_1 47 53 PF00069 0.749
MOD_GlcNHglycan 12 15 PF01048 0.552
MOD_GlcNHglycan 19 22 PF01048 0.539
MOD_GlcNHglycan 273 279 PF01048 0.612
MOD_GlcNHglycan 292 295 PF01048 0.285
MOD_GlcNHglycan 322 325 PF01048 0.236
MOD_GSK3_1 25 32 PF00069 0.636
MOD_GSK3_1 290 297 PF00069 0.342
MOD_GSK3_1 342 349 PF00069 0.480
MOD_GSK3_1 68 75 PF00069 0.635
MOD_GSK3_1 8 15 PF00069 0.735
MOD_N-GLC_2 169 171 PF02516 0.555
MOD_NEK2_1 192 197 PF00069 0.297
MOD_NEK2_1 222 227 PF00069 0.497
MOD_NEK2_1 290 295 PF00069 0.297
MOD_NEK2_1 319 324 PF00069 0.466
MOD_PIKK_1 160 166 PF00454 0.278
MOD_PIKK_1 54 60 PF00454 0.660
MOD_PKA_2 222 228 PF00069 0.441
MOD_PKA_2 26 32 PF00069 0.709
MOD_PKA_2 319 325 PF00069 0.496
MOD_PKB_1 318 326 PF00069 0.515
MOD_Plk_1 25 31 PF00069 0.612
MOD_Plk_4 118 124 PF00069 0.450
MOD_Plk_4 145 151 PF00069 0.279
MOD_Plk_4 162 168 PF00069 0.366
MOD_Plk_4 243 249 PF00069 0.328
MOD_Plk_4 257 263 PF00069 0.217
MOD_Plk_4 69 75 PF00069 0.656
MOD_ProDKin_1 277 283 PF00069 0.279
TRG_DiLeu_BaEn_2 235 241 PF01217 0.418
TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 184 187 PF00928 0.323
TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 203 206 PF00928 0.521
TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 242 245 PF00928 0.250
TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 255 258 PF00928 0.238
TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 48 51 PF00928 0.602
TRG_ER_diArg_1 306 309 PF00400 0.403
TRG_ER_diArg_1 318 321 PF00400 0.520
TRG_ER_diArg_1 63 65 PF00400 0.667
TRG_Pf-PMV_PEXEL_1 63 67 PF00026 0.366

Homologs

Protein Taxonomy Sequence identity Coverage
A0A0N0P222 Leptomonas seymouri 30% 100%
A0A0N1P9L0 Leptomonas seymouri 72% 100%
A0A0S4IU86 Bodo saltans 42% 100%
A0A0S4IYL3 Bodo saltans 31% 100%
A0A0S4IZ65 Bodo saltans 26% 100%
A0A0S4IZG7 Bodo saltans 23% 100%
A0A0S4J2G4 Bodo saltans 24% 100%
A0A0S4JDA7 Bodo saltans 26% 99%
A0A1X0NPW5 Trypanosomatidae 56% 100%
A0A1X0P6F0 Trypanosomatidae 31% 100%
A0A1X0P6P9 Trypanosomatidae 30% 100%
A0A1X0P778 Trypanosomatidae 26% 100%
A0A3Q8IB56 Leishmania donovani 29% 100%
A0A3R7K844 Trypanosoma rangeli 32% 100%
A0A3R7KEL4 Trypanosoma rangeli 56% 100%
A0A3R7M893 Trypanosoma rangeli 27% 100%
A0A3S5H5Y3 Leishmania donovani 95% 100%
A1DI57 Neosartorya fischeri (strain ATCC 1020 / DSM 3700 / CBS 544.65 / FGSC A1164 / JCM 1740 / NRRL 181 / WB 181) 26% 100%
A2A3V2 Mus musculus 24% 100%
A2ASZ8 Mus musculus 25% 78%
A2CEQ0 Danio rerio 26% 78%
A2R5A0 Aspergillus niger (strain CBS 513.88 / FGSC A1513) 24% 100%
A4H503 Leishmania braziliensis 85% 100%
A4H8E6 Leishmania braziliensis 25% 100%
A4H9X7 Leishmania braziliensis 30% 100%
A4H9X8 Leishmania braziliensis 30% 100%
A4HA67 Leishmania braziliensis 24% 100%
A4HT75 Leishmania infantum 95% 100%
A4HY43 Leishmania infantum 29% 100%
A4RF23 Magnaporthe oryzae (strain 70-15 / ATCC MYA-4617 / FGSC 8958) 25% 100%
A5PJZ1 Bos taurus 25% 76%
A6SL61 Botryotinia fuckeliana (strain B05.10) 24% 100%
A7ER02 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (strain ATCC 18683 / 1980 / Ss-1) 25% 100%
B0G159 Dictyostelium discoideum 24% 77%
B4F8I5 Zea mays 24% 100%
B8ZHC9 Rattus norvegicus 26% 100%
C9ZUP8 Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (strain MHOM/CI/86/DAL972) 45% 100%
D0A0D8 Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (strain MHOM/CI/86/DAL972) 31% 100%
E9AL65 Leishmania mexicana (strain MHOM/GT/2001/U1103) 93% 100%
E9ARX1 Leishmania mexicana (strain MHOM/GT/2001/U1103) 29% 100%
E9ARX2 Leishmania mexicana (strain MHOM/GT/2001/U1103) 29% 100%
E9AS62 Leishmania mexicana (strain MHOM/GT/2001/U1103) 24% 100%
F4HW79 Arabidopsis thaliana 22% 100%
F4JU70 Arabidopsis thaliana 26% 100%
G2QNH0 Myceliophthora thermophila (strain ATCC 42464 / BCRC 31852 / DSM 1799) 28% 100%
K7VYZ9 Zea mays 28% 100%
O04619 Arabidopsis thaliana 26% 100%
O18757 Oryctolagus cuniculus 24% 77%
O22342 Gossypium hirsutum 29% 94%
O46373 Oryctolagus cuniculus 28% 100%
O49447 Arabidopsis thaliana 29% 96%
O65023 Arabidopsis thaliana 25% 96%
O97470 Dictyostelium discoideum 28% 100%
P02722 Bos taurus 28% 100%
P02723 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) 28% 100%
P04709 Zea mays 29% 94%
P04710 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) 30% 100%
P05141 Homo sapiens 29% 100%
P12235 Homo sapiens 28% 100%
P12236 Homo sapiens 26% 100%
P12857 Zea mays 30% 94%
P16260 Homo sapiens 23% 100%
P16261 Rattus norvegicus 26% 100%
P18238 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) 29% 100%
P18239 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) 29% 100%
P25083 Solanum tuberosum 29% 94%
P27080 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 31% 100%
P27081 Solanum tuberosum 28% 94%
P29518 Zea mays 24% 83%
P31167 Arabidopsis thaliana 28% 96%
P31691 Oryza sativa subsp. japonica 30% 95%
P31692 Parachlorella kessleri 28% 100%
P32007 Bos taurus 27% 100%
P40941 Arabidopsis thaliana 30% 95%
P48962 Mus musculus 27% 100%
P49382 Kluyveromyces lactis (strain ATCC 8585 / CBS 2359 / DSM 70799 / NBRC 1267 / NRRL Y-1140 / WM37) 29% 100%
P51881 Mus musculus 29% 100%
Q000K2 Tachyglossus aculeatus aculeatus 29% 100%
Q01888 Bos taurus 25% 100%
Q05962 Rattus norvegicus 28% 100%
Q05AQ3 Xenopus tropicalis 27% 100%
Q09073 Rattus norvegicus 29% 100%
Q09188 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972 / ATCC 24843) 30% 100%
Q0CEN9 Aspergillus terreus (strain NIH 2624 / FGSC A1156) 24% 100%
Q0P483 Danio rerio 27% 100%
Q0UUH1 Phaeosphaeria nodorum (strain SN15 / ATCC MYA-4574 / FGSC 10173) 26% 100%
Q0V7M4 Bos taurus 28% 78%
Q19529 Caenorhabditis elegans 26% 69%
Q1E7P0 Coccidioides immitis (strain RS) 24% 100%
Q1ECW7 Danio rerio 21% 100%
Q26365 Drosophila melanogaster 28% 100%
Q27238 Anopheles gambiae 27% 100%
Q29RM1 Bos taurus 23% 100%
Q2UCW8 Aspergillus oryzae (strain ATCC 42149 / RIB 40) 24% 100%
Q2YDD9 Bos taurus 28% 100%
Q3V132 Mus musculus 28% 100%
Q41629 Triticum aestivum 30% 100%
Q41630 Triticum aestivum 30% 100%
Q4QDK0 Leishmania major 27% 100%
Q4R8M0 Macaca fascicularis 28% 100%
Q4X022 Neosartorya fumigata (strain ATCC MYA-4609 / Af293 / CBS 101355 / FGSC A1100) 27% 100%
Q54DU1 Dictyostelium discoideum 24% 100%
Q54MZ4 Dictyostelium discoideum 25% 84%
Q5AVW1 Emericella nidulans (strain FGSC A4 / ATCC 38163 / CBS 112.46 / NRRL 194 / M139) 25% 100%
Q5IS35 Macaca fascicularis 23% 100%
Q5NVC1 Pongo abelii 23% 100%
Q5PQ27 Xenopus laevis 27% 100%
Q5R5A1 Pongo abelii 30% 100%
Q5U3V7 Danio rerio 22% 100%
Q5XH95 Xenopus tropicalis 25% 71%
Q5XHA0 Xenopus tropicalis 26% 77%
Q628Z2 Caenorhabditis briggsae 27% 68%
Q66L49 Danio rerio 29% 76%
Q6DG32 Danio rerio 26% 100%
Q6GQS1 Mus musculus 25% 78%
Q6KCM7 Homo sapiens 25% 78%
Q6NUK1 Homo sapiens 25% 76%
Q6NYZ6 Danio rerio 26% 78%
Q6QRN9 Sus scrofa 26% 100%
Q7PQV7 Anopheles gambiae 28% 100%
Q7S2H8 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) 29% 100%
Q7T0U6 Xenopus laevis 26% 77%
Q7ZY36 Xenopus laevis 25% 77%
Q7ZYD5 Xenopus laevis 24% 71%
Q86VD7 Homo sapiens 25% 100%
Q8BMD8 Mus musculus 25% 77%
Q8BVN7 Mus musculus 27% 100%
Q8C0K5 Mus musculus 25% 100%
Q8K3P6 Rattus norvegicus 25% 78%
Q8LB08 Arabidopsis thaliana 26% 100%
Q8N5S1 Homo sapiens 24% 98%
Q8RXZ9 Arabidopsis thaliana 25% 100%
Q8SQH5 Bos taurus 29% 100%
Q8WUT9 Homo sapiens 24% 100%
Q922G0 Mus musculus 26% 100%
Q96CQ1 Homo sapiens 26% 100%
Q9BV35 Homo sapiens 26% 78%
Q9DAM5 Mus musculus 23% 100%
Q9FI43 Arabidopsis thaliana 26% 75%
Q9FI73 Arabidopsis thaliana 24% 100%
Q9FLS8 Arabidopsis thaliana 27% 76%
Q9FM86 Arabidopsis thaliana 27% 100%
Q9H0C2 Homo sapiens 29% 100%
Q9HC21 Homo sapiens 23% 100%
Q9LY28 Arabidopsis thaliana 28% 76%
Q9M024 Arabidopsis thaliana 26% 88%
Q9SUV1 Arabidopsis thaliana 27% 93%
V5BTC0 Trypanosoma cruzi 55% 100%
V5BWX9 Trypanosoma cruzi 31% 100%

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LeishMANIAdb - Server version: v0.0.2. - Database version: v0.0.1. - ChangeLog - © 2022-2025 Protein Bioinformatics Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, RCNS